Why Do Behaviors Happen? Understanding the Power of Functional Behavior Assessment
Heyyy, BCBA Ruby here!
Have you ever found yourself asking, "Why did they do that?" Whether it's a child throwing a tantrum or an adult refusing to follow instructions, behavior can often feel unpredictable. But what if I told you there’s usually a reason behind every behavior? That’s where Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) comes in.
In ABA, we know that behaviors don’t just “happen” for no reason. Every behavior serves a purpose—whether it’s to get something (like attention or a tangible item), avoid something (like a difficult task), or even just to communicate a need. The key to helping someone change behavior is understanding why it happens in the first place.
What is Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?
At its core, Functional Behavior Assessment is a process of identifying the function of a behavior. The function is essentially the “why” behind the action. Once we understand the function, we can develop a plan to teach new, more appropriate ways of getting needs met.
The process of FBA typically includes the following steps:
Identifying the Target Behavior
What exactly is the behavior that’s causing concern? This could be anything from hitting others to excessive talking.Gathering Information
To get to the heart of the behavior, we gather information through interviews with teachers, caregivers, or anyone involved with the individual. We also observe the behavior in different settings.Analyzing the Data
Once we have the data, we start looking for patterns. When does the behavior occur most often? What happens right before or after the behavior? Is it a response to a specific situation or feeling?Identifying the Function
After analyzing the data, we can identify whether the behavior is aimed at gaining attention, avoiding something, gaining access to a tangible item, or something else.Creating a Plan
With all this information, we create a behavior intervention plan (BIP) that targets the behavior’s function and teaches a more appropriate way to meet that need.
Why FBA Matters
Without understanding the function of a behavior, we risk reacting in ways that don’t address the root cause. For example, if a child is throwing tantrums to avoid doing a task, simply punishing the behavior won’t fix the underlying issue. Instead, we need to teach the child a more effective way to express the need to take a break, like asking for it directly.
FBA helps us respond to behavior with empathy and understanding, ensuring that interventions are not only effective but also respectful of the individual’s needs.
The Benefits of FBA
Individualized Support
FBA allows us to create tailored plans that fit the unique needs of the individual. No two behaviors are exactly the same, so why should the solutions be?More Effective Interventions
When we understand the function, we can intervene more thoughtfully. This leads to faster results and a more positive experience for everyone involved.Building Communication
Many behaviors are a form of communication. By assessing the function, we help individuals learn to communicate in more appropriate and effective ways.
Final Thoughts
When we approach behaviors with curiosity rather than judgment, we can turn every challenge into an opportunity for growth. FBA is a critical tool for understanding, teaching, and ultimately helping individuals find more appropriate ways to meet their needs.
Behavior is communication, and once we understand the "why," we can work toward solutions that honor the person behind the behavior.
With care and understanding,
Ruby Ladrido, BCBA 🐦💗
